“200”, Aptitude Test Questions and Answers for Mkaguzi Daraja la II, Fani ya Afya ya Jamii (Public Health) at – the National Audit Office (NAOT).
ABSTRACT
This compilation contains 200
multiple-choice aptitude test questions and answers for candidates preparing
for the position of Mkaguzi Daraja la II – Fani ya Afya ya Jamii (Public
Health) at the National Audit Office of Tanzania (NAOT). The questions reflect
the style and difficulty of Public Service Recruitment Secretariat (PSRS)
assessments and cover Public Health, Epidemiology, Research Methods, Monitoring
and Evaluation, Audit Principles, Governance, Accountability, Ethics, and
Analytical Reasoning. Detailed explanations are provided to strengthen
understanding, improve problem-solving skills, and enhance candidates’
preparedness for the recruitment process.
Prepared by: Public Health Specialist
Compiled by Public Health Specialist
Professionals stationed in Dar-es-salaam.
0628729934.
Date: June 24, 2026
Dear applicants,
This collection of questions and answers
has been prepared to help all of you to understand the key areas tested during
the interview. The goal is to provide a useful, and practical study guide so you
can all perform confidently and fairly in the selection process. I wish you the
best of luck, and may this resource support you in achieving success!
Warm regards,
Johnson Yesaya Mgelwa
For
Personal Use by Applicants Preparing for Mkaguzi Daraja la II, Fani ya Afya ya
Jamii (Public Health) at – the National Audit Office (NAOT).
ALL
QUESTIONS ARE COMPILED TOGETHER.
1. A performance auditor is reviewing a district malaria control
programme. The programme distributed mosquito nets to all target villages, yet
malaria prevalence remained unchanged after three years. Which issue should
receive the auditor’s primary attention?
A. Budget allocation process B. Number of
health workers C. Programme effectiveness gap D. Procurement documentation
Answer: C. Programme effectiveness gap
Rationale: Performance audits focus on whether a
programme achieves its intended objectives. Although resources were used and
activities were implemented, unchanged malaria prevalence suggests that the
programme may not be producing the desired outcomes. An auditor should
therefore prioritize examining why expected results were not achieved,
including utilization, implementation quality, behavioural factors, and
monitoring weaknesses.
2. A researcher selects every tenth household from a list of 5,000
households to participate in a health survey. Which sampling method is being
used?
A. Stratified sampling B. Systematic
sampling C. Cluster sampling D. Purposive sampling
Answer: B. Systematic sampling
Rationale: Systematic sampling involves selecting
units at regular intervals from a sampling frame after determining a sampling
interval. Choosing every tenth household follows a predetermined pattern and
therefore represents systematic sampling rather than stratified, cluster, or
purposive approaches.
3. During an audit of a vaccination campaign, records from health
facilities conflict with reports submitted to the regional office. What should
the auditor do first?
A. Reject regional reports B. Report
fraud immediately C. Verify source documents D. Suspend field activities
Answer: C. Verify source documents
Rationale: Auditors must rely on sufficient and
appropriate evidence before drawing conclusions. When inconsistencies arise,
the first step is to verify original records and supporting documentation to
determine which information is accurate. Immediate conclusions without
verification may compromise audit quality.
4. Which indicator is most appropriate for measuring the burden of
a disease in a population at a specific point in time?
A. Incidence rate B. Attack rate C. Case
fatality rate D. Prevalence rate
Answer: D. Prevalence rate
Rationale: Prevalence measures all existing cases
of a disease within a population at a particular time. It reflects the overall
burden of disease and is useful for planning health services. Incidence focuses
on new cases, while attack rate and case fatality rate serve different
epidemiological purposes.
5. A district has 120 health workers and 30 laboratory technicians.
What is the ratio of health workers to laboratory technicians?
A. 3:1 B. 2:1 C. 5:2 D. 4:1
Answer: D. 4:1
Rationale: The ratio is obtained by dividing both
numbers by their common factor of 30. Thus, 120:30 simplifies to 4:1. Ratios
are commonly used in workforce planning and resource allocation analyses.
6. An auditor discovers that a public health project achieved all
targets but exceeded its approved budget by 40%. Which principle was primarily
compromised?
A. Economy B. Equity C. Accessibility D.
Sustainability
Answer: A. Economy
Rationale: Economy concerns acquiring resources at
the lowest reasonable cost while maintaining quality. Even if targets are
achieved, significant overspending suggests resources may not have been used
economically. Performance auditing frequently examines economy, efficiency, and
effectiveness.
7. Which level of prevention aims to reduce complications among
individuals already diagnosed with a disease?
A. Primordial prevention B. Primary
prevention C. Secondary prevention D. Tertiary prevention
Answer: D. Tertiary prevention
Rationale: Tertiary prevention seeks to reduce
disability, complications, and suffering after disease has been established.
Examples include rehabilitation and chronic disease management. Primary
prevention prevents disease occurrence, while secondary prevention focuses on
early detection.
8. A public health officer notices an unusual increase in cholera
cases within a municipality. What should be the immediate public health action?
A. Wait for annual statistics B. Conduct
outbreak investigation C. Request additional funding D. Review staffing
structure
Answer: B. Conduct outbreak investigation
Rationale: An unexpected increase in disease
occurrence may indicate an outbreak requiring immediate investigation. Early
identification of the source, mode of transmission, and affected populations is
critical to implementing effective control measures and preventing further
spread.
9. During an audit, a facility reports immunization coverage of
98%, while source registers indicate many missing entries. What should concern
the auditor most?
A. High vaccination demand B. Possible
overstatement of performance data C. Excessive community participation D.
Limited facility staffing
Answer: B. Possible overstatement of
performance data
Rationale: Reported performance indicators must be
supported by reliable source records. Missing or incomplete registers raise
concerns about data accuracy and may result in overstatement of achievements.
10. A community health survey found that 240 out of 800 respondents
were smokers. What percentage of respondents were smokers?
A. 20% B. 25% C. 30% D. 35%
Answer: C. 30%
Rationale: Percentage is calculated by dividing the
number of smokers by the total respondents and multiplying by 100. Thus, (240 ÷
800) × 100 = 30%. Such calculations are frequently required in public health
reporting and data analysis.
11. An auditor receives information from interviews, observations,
and official records. Which characteristic of audit evidence is strengthened by
using these multiple sources?
A. Timeliness B. Reliability C.
Simplicity D. Accessibility
Answer: B. Reliability
Rationale: Evidence obtained from multiple
independent sources enhances reliability through corroboration. When different
sources support the same conclusion, confidence in the audit findings increases
significantly.
12. A health programme achieved its objectives using fewer resources
than originally planned. Which concept best describes this achievement?
A. Equity B. Sustainability C. Efficiency
D. Accountability
Answer: C. Efficiency
Rationale: Efficiency refers to maximizing outputs
while minimizing inputs. Achieving objectives with fewer resources demonstrates
efficient utilization of available assets and is a central component of
performance auditing.
13. Which measure is most useful in identifying new occurrences of
disease within a population?
A. Prevalence B. Mortality ratio C. Case
load D. Incidence
Answer: D. Incidence
Rationale: Incidence measures the occurrence of new
cases over a defined period. It helps public health professionals monitor
disease transmission patterns and evaluate preventive interventions.
14. A computer becomes noticeably slower after several new
applications are installed. Which is the most appropriate first troubleshooting
step?
A. Check system resource usage and
startup programs B. Change screen resolution settings C. Replace the monitor
cable D. Update printer drivers
Answer: A. Check system resource usage
and startup programs
Rationale: Recently installed applications often
add startup processes and background services that consume memory and
processing power. Checking system resources helps identify the most likely
cause before taking corrective action.
15. A health auditor wants to determine whether maternal mortality
decreased after implementation of a new intervention. Which approach would best
assess trends before and after implementation?
A. Interrupted time-series analysis B.
Cross-sectional survey C. Case report study D. Descriptive review
Answer: A. Interrupted time-series
analysis
Rationale: Interrupted time-series analysis is a
strong quasi-experimental approach for evaluating changes before and after an
intervention by examining trends over multiple time points.
16. A father is four times as old as his son. If the son is 12 years
old, how old is the father?
A. 42 years B. 44 years C. 46 years D. 48
years
Answer: D. 48 years
Rationale: Since the father is four times older
than the son, multiply the son's age by four. Therefore, 12 × 4 = 48 years.
Similar age questions commonly appear in aptitude examinations.
17. Which public health principle emphasizes fair access to health
services regardless of socioeconomic status?
A. Integrity B. Transparency C. Equity D.
Efficiency
Answer: C. Equity
Rationale: Equity seeks to ensure that all
individuals have fair opportunities to attain their highest possible level of
health. Public health policies often focus on reducing disparities among
different population groups.
18. An auditor is planning an assignment and identifies areas most
vulnerable to misuse of resources. This process is known as:
A. Risk assessment B. Budget execution C.
Policy drafting D. Asset valuation
Answer: A. Risk assessment
Rationale: Risk assessment involves identifying and
evaluating areas where problems, errors, or inefficiencies are most likely to
occur. It helps auditors prioritize resources and focus on significant issues.
19. Which Microsoft Word shortcut is used to copy selected text?
A. Ctrl + V B. Ctrl + A C. Ctrl + C D.
Ctrl + B
Answer: C. Ctrl + C
Rationale: Ctrl + C copies selected content to the
clipboard for later pasting. Basic computer proficiency is frequently assessed
because modern public service roles rely heavily on digital documentation.
20. A health facility reports 50 deaths among 1,000 confirmed cases
of a disease. What is the case fatality rate?
A. 3% B. 4% C. 5% D. 6%
Answer: C. 5%
Rationale: Case fatality rate equals deaths divided
by confirmed cases multiplied by 100. Thus, (50 ÷ 1000) × 100 = 5%. This
indicator measures disease severity among affected individuals.
21. An auditor observes that all project activities were completed,
but beneficiaries received little benefit. Which audit dimension is most
affected?
A. Economy B. Effectiveness C. Compliance
D. Transparency
Answer: B. Effectiveness
Rationale: Effectiveness evaluates whether intended
objectives and outcomes are achieved. Completing activities alone does not
guarantee meaningful results. Lack of benefit to beneficiaries indicates weak
effectiveness.
22. Which environmental factor is most directly associated with the
transmission of cholera?
A. Air pollution B. Noise exposure C.
Contaminated water D. Ultraviolet radiation
Answer: C. Contaminated water
Rationale: Cholera is primarily transmitted through
ingestion of water or food contaminated with Vibrio cholerae. Safe water supply
and sanitation are therefore critical prevention measures.
23. A district's population increased from 400,000 to 460,000 over
five years. What was the numerical increase?
A. 40,000 B. 50,000 C. 55,000 D. 60,000
Answer: D. 60,000
Rationale: Numerical increase is determined by
subtracting the original population from the new population. Thus, 460,000 −
400,000 = 60,000. Population data are important in health planning and resource
allocation.
24. During data analysis, an extremely high value is found that
differs significantly from all other observations. This value is called:
A. Variable B. Frequency C. Outlier D.
Indicator
Answer: C. Outlier
Rationale: An outlier is an observation that
differs markedly from the rest of the dataset. Such values may result from
measurement errors, data entry mistakes, or genuine unusual events and should
be investigated carefully.
25. A government health programme achieved its objectives, stayed
within budget, and delivered services on schedule. Which statement best
describes the programme?
A. Economical only B. Effective only C.
Efficient only D. Demonstrated sound performance
Answer: D. Demonstrated sound performance
Rationale: Sound performance requires achievement
of objectives, responsible resource utilization, and timely implementation.
Meeting all these conditions reflects a balanced combination of economy,
efficiency, and effectiveness, which are central concerns of public sector
auditing.
26. A performance auditor is assessing a national nutrition
programme. The programme distributed supplements to all intended districts, but
childhood stunting rates remained largely unchanged. Which question should the
auditor prioritize?
A. Whether supplements reached intended
beneficiaries B. Whether procurement files were archived properly C. Whether
district offices increased staffing levels D. Whether transport allowances were
fully utilized
Answer: A. Whether supplements reached
intended beneficiaries
Rationale: Performance auditing focuses on results
and the factors influencing them. Even where distribution targets are reported
as achieved, auditors must determine whether intended beneficiaries actually
received and used the supplements. Failure at the delivery or utilization stage
may explain why desired outcomes were not realized despite reported
implementation success.
27. A researcher wishes to determine whether a new health education
campaign influenced handwashing behaviour. Which variable represents the
outcome being measured?
A. Campaign budget B. Handwashing
behaviour C. Number of educators D. Training duration
Answer: B. Handwashing behaviour
Rationale: The outcome variable is the factor whose
change is being assessed. Since the purpose of the study is to determine
whether the campaign influenced behaviour, handwashing behaviour constitutes
the dependent variable, while campaign-related factors are potential
explanatory variables.
28. An auditor finds that health facilities consistently submit
reports late, causing delays in national planning. The most immediate
consequence is:
A. Reduced data quality for
decision-making B. Increased laboratory workload C. Reduced patient attendance
D. Increased medicine consumption
Answer: A. Reduced data quality for
decision-making
Rationale: Timely reporting is essential for
effective planning and resource allocation. Delayed reports may result in
outdated information being used for decisions, reducing the usefulness and
reliability of planning data at higher administrative levels.
29. Which measure best describes the probability that a person
currently free from a disease will develop it during a specified period?
A. Prevalence rate B. Mortality rate C.
Risk (cumulative incidence) D. Case fatality rate
Answer: C. Risk (cumulative incidence)
Rationale: Risk, also called cumulative incidence,
measures the likelihood that an individual initially free of disease will
develop it during a specified period. It is particularly useful in assessing
disease occurrence and evaluating preventive interventions.
30. In Microsoft Word, which shortcut is used to find a specific
word or phrase within a document?
A. Ctrl + R B. Ctrl + H C. Ctrl + G D.
Ctrl + F
Answer: D. Ctrl + F
Rationale: Ctrl + F opens the navigation or find
pane, allowing users to search quickly for specific text within a document.
This function is especially useful when reviewing lengthy reports or audit
documents.
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