“150”, Aptitude Test Questions and Answers
for Land Tutor II (Land Management and Valuation)
– MDA & LGA.
ABSTRACT
This preparation guide contains 150
premium multiple-choice aptitude test questions and answers for candidates
preparing for the position of Land Tutor II (Land Management and Valuation)
in Tanzania’s Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and Local Government
Authorities (LGAs). The questions are designed to assess broad professional
knowledge, analytical reasoning and practical judgment across land management,
land administration, valuation, land-use planning, property markets, land law,
compensation, surveying, GIS, research, teaching, assessment and field
supervision. Emphasis is placed on realistic Tanzanian scenarios, closely
related answer choices and challenging questions that require candidates to
apply knowledge rather than rely on memorization. Detailed rationales accompany
each answer to strengthen understanding and support effective examination
preparation.
Prepared
by: Land Tutor II Land Management and Valuation – MDA
& LGA.
Based in Dar-es-salaam.
0628729934.
Date: October 06, 2026
Dear applicants,
This collection of questions and answers
has been carefully prepared to help all of you to understand the key areas
tested during the interview. The goal is to provide a useful, and practical
study guide so you can all perform confidently and fairly in the selection
process. I wish you the best of luck, and may this resource support you in
achieving success!
Warm regards,
Land Tutor II (Land Management and
Valuation)
For Personal Use by Applicants Preparing
for MDA and LGA Land Tutor II (Land Management and Valuation) interview at Public
Service Recruitment Service.
ALL
QUESTIONS ARE COMPILED TOGETHER.
1. A local authority in Tanzania intends to acquire land for
construction of a public health facility. The affected compensable interest
includes a permanent building and other qualifying unexhausted improvements.
Which valuation approach best reflects the compensation principle applicable to
the acquisition?
A. Assess only the unimproved land value
because the Government acquires the land
B. Assess the land interest together with qualifying unexhausted improvements
C. Assess only the replacement cost of buildings because land becomes public
D. Assess only the income generated from the property before acquisition
Answer: B
Rationale: In compulsory acquisition, the valuation
should identify the compensable interest affected by the acquisition and take
into account qualifying unexhausted improvements associated with that interest.
The assessment should therefore not automatically be restricted to the bare
land merely because the acquiring authority will ultimately use the land for a
public purpose. Likewise, replacement cost alone or income generated before
acquisition does not necessarily represent the complete compensable interest. The
valuer must identify the relevant interest, establish the qualifying
improvements and apply the applicable statutory compensation principles when
determining the amount payable.
2. A valuer is instructed to determine the market value of a
commercial property in a rapidly developing urban area. Three recent sales
exist, but one property is considerably larger, another has a superior road
frontage, and the third has inferior access. Which step would most improve the
reliability of the comparable-sales approach?
A. Select the highest sale price because
it represents stronger market demand
B. Average the three sale prices without making adjustments for differences
C. Adjust the comparable transactions for relevant differences in
characteristics
D. Exclude all transactions because no comparable property is completely
identical
Answer: C
Rationale: The comparable-sales approach depends on
identifying transactions that provide meaningful evidence of market behaviour
and then adjusting for material differences between the comparables and the
subject property. Differences in size, location, access, frontage, condition,
use and other relevant characteristics can materially affect price. Simply
averaging prices ignores those differences, while requiring identical
properties would make the method impractical. A professionally defensible
valuation therefore analyses the comparables and makes reasoned adjustments
supported by market evidence.
3. A village land-use plan proposes converting a substantial
agricultural area into residential plots because of rapid population growth.
Before recommending the change, which consideration is most important from a
land-management perspective?
A. Whether residential plots can command
higher prices than agricultural parcels
B. Whether individual landowners are willing to sell their interests to
developers
C. Whether neighbouring villages have already converted similar agricultural
areas
D. Whether the proposed use is compatible with planning, infrastructure and
sustainability requirements
Answer: D
Rationale: Land-use planning is concerned with
coordinating land uses with physical, social, economic and environmental
requirements rather than simply maximizing land prices. A proposed conversion
should therefore be examined against the applicable planning framework,
infrastructure capacity, environmental considerations, settlement patterns and
principles of sustainable development. High potential prices or landowners'
willingness to sell may be relevant economic considerations, but they do not by
themselves establish that the proposed land use is appropriate or sustainable.
4. An investor asks a valuer to determine the amount that a
property could reasonably obtain in an open and competitive market on the
valuation date, assuming knowledgeable parties and no compulsion to transact.
Which concept is most directly being requested?
A. Investment value
B. Special value
C. Market value
D. Insurable value
Answer: C
Rationale: Market value concerns the estimated
amount for which an asset or interest should exchange on the valuation date
between a willing buyer and willing seller in an appropriate market, after
proper marketing and where the parties act knowledgeably, prudently and without
compulsion. Investment value is specific to a particular investor or owner and
may reflect that person's individual objectives, while special value
incorporates particular advantages arising from a specific relationship or
circumstance. Insurable value is concerned with insurance-related assessment
rather than the open-market transaction concept described.
5. A land officer discovers that a parcel shown as residential in
an approved planning framework is being used for a commercial activity that
attracts significant daily traffic. Which issue should receive the most
immediate professional attention?
A. Whether the commercial activity has
increased the property's market value
B. Whether the current use conforms to the applicable planning and land-use
controls
C. Whether nearby properties are receiving comparable commercial rental income
D. Whether the owner has invested sufficient capital in the commercial activity
Answer: B
Rationale: A property's market value or
profitability does not automatically make its existing use legally or
planning-wise acceptable. Land management requires consideration of whether
development and use conform to approved planning and land-use requirements. A use
that conflicts with the applicable planning framework may create enforcement,
environmental, infrastructure and neighbourhood impacts regardless of its
profitability. The officer should therefore first establish the planning status
and conformity of the existing use.
6. A property produces a stable annual net operating income of TZS
18,000,000. If an appropriate capitalization rate is 12%, and the income is
expected to remain stable, what is the indicated capital value?
A. TZS 150,000,000
B. TZS 180,000,000
C. TZS 216,000,000
D. TZS 270,000,000
Answer: A
Rationale: Under the direct capitalization
approach, the indicated capital value is obtained by dividing sustainable net
operating income by the appropriate capitalization rate. Thus, TZS 18,000,000 ÷
0.12 = TZS 150,000,000. The critical issue is that the income used must be an
appropriate sustainable net income and the capitalization rate must reflect the
risk and return characteristics of the property and market. Using the gross
income or multiplying income by the capitalization rate would produce an
incorrect valuation.
7. During preparation of a valuation report, a valuer discovers
that one of the comparable properties was sold between two companies belonging
to the same parent group at a price significantly above prevailing market
evidence. What is the most appropriate treatment?
A. Use the transaction because corporate
sales are normally reliable evidence
B. Use the transaction but assign it the highest weighting in the analysis
C. Examine the transaction carefully before deciding whether it represents an
arm's-length market transaction
D. Automatically use the transaction because the consideration was actually
paid
Answer: C
Rationale: A transaction between related parties
may not represent an arm's-length market transaction because the parties may
have motivations, relationships or constraints that differ from those of
independent market participants. The transaction should therefore be
investigated rather than automatically accepted or rejected. The valuer should
establish the circumstances of sale, relationship between the parties, exposure
to the market, consideration paid and other relevant factors before determining
whether it provides reliable evidence of market value.
8. Two rateable properties in the same municipal area have similar
plot sizes and locations. Property A contains a substantially more valuable
building than Property B. Under the applicable property-rating framework, which
factor most directly explains why their assessments may differ?
A. Their assessments must be identical
because their plot sizes are similar
B. Differences in the improvements may produce different assessed property
values
C. The property with the smaller building should receive the higher assessment
D. Differences in buildings should be disregarded when assessing rateable
property
Answer: B
Rationale: Where the applicable property-rating
framework requires the relevant rateable property to be assessed with regard to
improvements, differences in buildings can produce differences in assessed
value even where properties have similar plot sizes and locations. The quality,
extent, utility and value of improvements may materially affect the assessment
of a property interest. Therefore, similarity in land area does not by itself
require identical assessments, and building differences should not automatically
be disregarded.
9. A land-management officer is evaluating two possible sites for
a new public market. Site X has cheaper land but poor road access and
inadequate drainage, while Site Y has higher land value but good accessibility
and existing infrastructure. Which analytical approach would best support the
decision?
A. Select Site X because acquisition cost
is the primary land factor
B. Select Site Y because higher land value always indicates superior
suitability
C. Compare the sites using multiple physical, economic, social and planning
criteria
D. Select whichever site has the highest expected future selling price
Answer: C
Rationale: Land suitability for public development
cannot properly be determined from acquisition price or expected future value
alone. A sound land-management decision considers accessibility,
infrastructure, drainage, environmental conditions, surrounding land uses,
planning compatibility, social accessibility, development costs and other
relevant factors. A multi-criteria assessment therefore provides a more
defensible basis for selecting the site and avoids treating one financial
variable as a substitute for comprehensive land-use analysis.
10. A lecturer is assessing whether students genuinely understand
the application of land valuation principles rather than merely recalling
definitions. Which assessment question would provide the strongest evidence of
higher-order understanding?
A. Define the term “market value” using a
recognized valuation terminology
B. List four commonly used approaches to property valuation
C. State the meaning of the term “capitalization rate” in property valuation
D. Explain why a selected valuation method is appropriate for a particular
property scenario
Answer: D
Rationale: Higher-order assessment requires
students to apply, analyse, evaluate or justify concepts rather than simply
recall information. Asking a student to explain why a particular valuation
method is appropriate in a specified scenario requires them to connect property
characteristics, available evidence, assumptions and valuation methodology.
Definitions and lists remain useful for testing foundational knowledge, but
they provide weaker evidence of the student's ability to apply professional
judgment.
11. A property has an estimated replacement cost of TZS 420
million. The valuer estimates total depreciation and obsolescence at 25% of
replacement cost. Ignoring land value, what is the indicated depreciated
improvement value?
A. TZS 105 million
B. TZS 295 million
C. TZS 315 million
D. TZS 395 million
Answer: C
Rationale: Depreciation of 25% means that 75% of
the replacement cost remains as the indicated value of the improvements.
Therefore, TZS 420 million × 75% = TZS 315 million. The calculation illustrates
the cost approach principle in which the estimated current cost of replacing
the improvements is reduced by appropriate forms of depreciation or
obsolescence before adding any separately assessed land value. The land
component should not be confused with the depreciated improvement component.
12. A researcher wants to determine whether delays in land
registration are associated with increased land disputes in selected Tanzanian
districts. Which research design would most directly support analysis of the
relationship between the two variables?
A. Descriptive design focusing only on
historical land policies
B. Correlational design examining variation between registration delays and
disputes
C. Doctrinal design examining only the wording of land legislation
D. Experimental design assigning applicants different registration procedures
Answer: B
Rationale: A correlational design is appropriate
where the researcher seeks to examine whether variation in one variable is
associated with variation in another without necessarily manipulating either
variable. Here, registration delay can be treated as one variable and the
incidence or frequency of land disputes as another. A doctrinal study could
establish the legal framework governing registration but would not by itself
test the empirical relationship between delays and disputes. An experimental
design would generally be inappropriate because researchers cannot ethically or
practically manipulate official land-registration procedures simply to test the
hypothesis.
13. A valuer is instructed to value a property currently occupied
by a low-income residential use, but market evidence indicates that the site
could legally and physically support a higher-value commercial development.
Which concept requires particular consideration in determining the appropriate
valuation conclusion?
A. Existing use regardless of alternative
development potential
B. Historical construction expenditure incurred by the property owner
C. Original acquisition price paid by the current property owner
D. Highest and best use subject to legal, physical and financial feasibility
Answer: D
Rationale: Where valuation is based on market
value, the potential use of a property may be relevant if that use is legally
permissible, physically possible, financially feasible and capable of producing
an appropriate return. The highest and best use analysis therefore asks whether
a different use could reasonably generate greater value than the existing use
while satisfying the relevant constraints. Historical cost or acquisition price
does not necessarily represent current market value, and existing use should
not automatically be treated as the optimum use.
14. A village council proposes allocating land for a public school
on an area that regularly experiences seasonal flooding. Which response
demonstrates the strongest land-management judgment?
A. Proceed because public facilities
should receive priority over environmental conditions
B. Proceed if the land is cheaper than alternative sites in the village
C. Assess hazard, drainage and suitability before confirming the proposed
allocation
D. Allocate the land first and address flooding after construction begins
Answer: C
Rationale: Public importance does not eliminate
physical and environmental constraints affecting land suitability. Flood-prone
land may expose communities, infrastructure and public resources to significant
risks. A responsible land-management process therefore assesses hazards,
drainage, topography, environmental conditions and alternative options before
confirming the allocation. Cost and public importance are relevant
considerations, but neither justifies ignoring fundamental site-suitability
risks.
15. A valuation report states that the subject property is worth
TZS 500 million, but it provides no valuation date, no identified interest
being valued, no assumptions and no explanation of the method used. What is the
most significant professional weakness?
A. The reported value is automatically
invalid because all valuation reports require photographs
B. The report lacks sufficient information to understand and evaluate the
valuation conclusion
C. The value must be incorrect because assumptions are never permitted in
valuation
D. The report is acceptable because the numerical conclusion is the main
requirement
Answer: B
Rationale: A professional valuation conclusion must
be supported by sufficient information about the subject, valuation date,
interest valued, purpose, methodology, assumptions, evidence and reasoning.
Without these elements, users cannot properly understand the basis upon which
the stated value was reached or assess whether the conclusion is appropriate
for its intended purpose. Photographs may be useful but are not the fundamental
deficiency described, while assumptions can be legitimate when clearly
identified and appropriately applied.
16. A land officer receives two applications for allocation of
plots in an area where an approved plan identifies land for a public road
reserve. One applicant offers a higher amount for the plot. What should
primarily determine the officer's decision?
A. The applicant offering the highest
financial consideration
B. The applicant who submitted the application most recently
C. The applicant who intends to develop the most expensive building
D. The conformity of the proposed allocation with the approved land-use
framework
Answer: D
Rationale: Land allocation and development
decisions must operate within the applicable planning and land-management
framework. A road reserve serves a defined public planning function and should
not simply be allocated for another use because an applicant offers more money
or proposes a high-value development. Financial considerations may be relevant
in lawful land transactions, but they cannot override an established planning
reservation without following the appropriate legal and planning procedures.
17. A property investor claims that a building's market value must
equal its construction cost because the building is only two years old. Which
response by a valuer is most appropriate?
A. Agree because market value always
follows recent construction expenditure
B. Agree unless the property has suffered physical deterioration
C. Reject the assumption because market value reflects market evidence and
property-specific factors
D. Reject the assumption only if the building has already exceeded its economic
life
Answer: C
Rationale: Construction cost and market value are
related but are not necessarily identical. Market value reflects what market
participants would pay for the relevant property interest under the applicable
market conditions, while construction cost represents expenditure incurred to
create the improvements. Land value, location, demand, supply, utility, design,
external factors, developer profit and other market influences can cause market
value to differ from construction cost even when a building is relatively new.
18. During field training, a student correctly calculates the value
of a property but uses incomplete inspection records and cannot explain the
source of several important measurements. What should the tutor do first?
A. Accept the valuation because the final
calculated value appears reasonable
B. Ask the student to verify the field evidence and explain the basis of the
measurements
C. Replace the student's calculations with figures obtained from another
student's work
D. Award partial competence because numerical accuracy is the main field
requirement
Answer: B
Rationale: Professional valuation competence
requires more than obtaining a mathematically correct final figure; the
underlying inspection evidence must be reliable, traceable and independently
verified. Where important measurements or observations cannot be supported, the
tutor should require the student to verify the field evidence and demonstrate
how the information was obtained before relying on the valuation conclusion.
Accepting an apparently reasonable answer without adequate evidence would
weaken professional standards, while substituting another student's data would
prevent the student from developing independent field competence.
19. A valuer applies the cost, income and comparable-sales
approaches to a commercial property and obtains materially different
indications of value. Which action would provide the strongest basis for the
final valuation conclusion?
A. Select the highest indication because
it provides the greatest protection to the owner
B. Select the lowest indication because conservative values are generally more
reliable
C. Average the three indications equally because different approaches should
carry identical weight
D. Reconcile the indications by considering the property's characteristics and
reliability of the evidence
Answer: D
Rationale: Where different valuation approaches
produce materially different indications, the valuer should analyse the reasons
for the differences and assess the reliability and relevance of each approach
to the particular property and available evidence. The final conclusion should
therefore be based on professional reconciliation rather than automatically
selecting the highest or lowest indication or mechanically averaging the
results. Factors such as the nature of the property, quality of market
evidence, reliability of income information, applicability of replacement cost
and characteristics of the local market should guide the weighting and final
judgment.
20. A researcher conducting interviews with residents about land
disputes is asked by one participant to disclose the identities of other
interviewees who reported similar disputes. What is the most appropriate
research response?
A. Disclose the identities because all
participants discussed the same subject
B. Disclose the identities if the researcher believes disclosure improves the
study
C. Protect confidential information unless lawful and properly justified
disclosure is required
D. Disclose the identities after removing the participants' telephone numbers
Answer: C
Rationale: Confidentiality is a fundamental ethical
consideration in research involving human participants. Information provided by
participants should not be disclosed simply because another participant
requests it or because disclosure might make the research easier. Researchers
should protect identifiable information and follow the applicable ethical
approval, consent arrangements and legal requirements. Removing telephone
numbers alone may not be sufficient where other information could still
identify the participant.
21. A municipal authority observes that several residential
properties have been converted into shops without corresponding changes to the
surrounding road and drainage infrastructure. From a land-management
perspective, the most likely systemic concern is:
A. Increased property values resulting
from intensified development
B. Mismatch between development intensity and supporting infrastructure
capacity
C. Increased demand for commercial premises in the local property market
D. Higher rental income resulting from conversion of residential premises
Answer: B
Rationale: Intensification or change of land use
can generate additional demands on roads, drainage, parking, water, sanitation
and other infrastructure. When development occurs without corresponding
infrastructure capacity, congestion, flooding, service deficiencies and other
urban-management problems can emerge. Increased values, demand and rental
income may be economically beneficial, but they do not resolve the underlying
infrastructure mismatch. Effective land management therefore considers
development intensity together with infrastructure and service capacity.
22. An officer is evaluating a proposed land-development project
whose financial return appears attractive, but the project would permanently
damage a sensitive wetland that performs important flood-control functions.
Which conclusion is most consistent with sustainable land management?
A. Approve the project because financial
returns determine optimal land use
B. Approve the project if the developer agrees to compensate affected residents
C. Evaluate environmental constraints and alternatives before determining
land-use suitability
D. Approve the project because wetlands have lower commercial value than
developed land
Answer: C
Rationale: Sustainable land management requires
balancing economic development with environmental protection and long-term
public interests. A wetland may provide ecological services such as flood
regulation that are not fully reflected in its market price. Consequently, the
apparent profitability of development does not establish that conversion is
appropriate. Environmental constraints, legal requirements, alternative sites,
mitigation possibilities and long-term impacts should be evaluated before a
land-use decision is made.
23. A tutor administers an examination and notices that one
question has two technically defensible correct answers because of ambiguous
wording. What is the most appropriate professional response?
A. Retain the question because candidates
should infer the intended answer
B. Award marks only to candidates who selected the examiner's preferred answer
C. Cancel the entire examination because one question contains ambiguity
D. Review the item and take an appropriate corrective assessment decision
Answer: D
Rationale: A technically ambiguous examination item
can compromise fairness and the validity of the assessment. The appropriate
response is to review the item against the intended learning outcome and
marking scheme and then apply a fair corrective measure consistent with
institutional assessment procedures. Simply assuming that candidates should
guess the examiner's intention is inappropriate, while cancelling an entire
examination may be disproportionate where the problem is limited to one item.
24. A valuer is instructed to determine the market value of a
property as at 1 October. The most reliable comparable sale occurred on 1 June,
and evidence shows that property prices in the area changed significantly
between June and October. What should the valuer primarily consider when using
the transaction?
A. Use the June price without adjustment
because it is a completed transaction
B. Reject the transaction automatically because it did not occur on the
valuation date
C. Analyse the market movement between the transaction date and valuation date
before relying on the evidence
D. Replace the transaction with an asking price available on the valuation date
Answer: C
Rationale: Comparable evidence does not have to
occur on the exact valuation date to be useful, but the valuer must consider
whether market conditions changed between the transaction date and the
valuation date. Where significant market movement has occurred, an appropriate
time-related adjustment or other analysis may be necessary to make the earlier
transaction relevant to the valuation date. Automatically using the historical
price ignores market movement, while rejecting all earlier transactions or
substituting an asking price would unnecessarily discard potentially valuable
market evidence.
25. A Land Management and Valuation Tutor is supervising students
during field training. One student produces a valuation using data copied from
another student's field notes without independently inspecting or verifying the
property. Which supervisory response best promotes professional competence?
A. Accept the work because the copied
data appears consistent with market conditions
B. Correct the student's figures privately and allow submission without further
review
C. Replace the student's valuation with the supervisor's own report to avoid
assessment delays
D. Require the student to verify the evidence and demonstrate an independently
reasoned valuation
Answer: D
Rationale: Field training should develop
independent professional judgment, evidence collection, verification and
ethical practice. A student who relies on another person's field observations
without verification has not demonstrated the competence required to undertake
a defensible valuation. The supervisor should therefore require the student to
inspect or otherwise properly verify the relevant evidence, explain the
analytical process and produce an independently reasoned conclusion. Simply
correcting the figures or replacing the student's work would solve the
immediate problem without developing the student's professional competence.
26. A registered valuer is instructed to prepare a valuation for
compensation involving several affected properties. The valuer discovers that
the valuation has already been prepared using outdated market evidence, despite
substantial changes in property prices since the relevant evidence was
collected. What is the most appropriate professional response?
A. Retain the valuation because
historical evidence is always preferable for compensation
B. Update the assessment using appropriate current and relevant valuation
evidence
C. Retain the valuation but increase every comparable transaction by the same
percentage
D. Replace the valuation with the latest advertised asking prices for similar
properties
Answer: B
Rationale: A valuation must be based on evidence
appropriate to the valuation date and purpose. Where market conditions have
materially changed, outdated evidence may no longer provide a reliable
indication of value unless properly adjusted and still relevant. Simply
applying an identical percentage increase to all properties may ignore
differences in location, property type and market behaviour, while asking
prices are not necessarily completed transaction evidence. The professional
approach is therefore to review the valuation and use appropriate, relevant and
sufficiently current evidence consistent with the applicable valuation
framework. Tanzania's valuation framework specifically regulates assessment of
value for land for compensation and professional valuation practice.
27. A parcel has a registered interest, but a physical inspection
reveals that a different person has occupied and developed part of the land for
several years. Before relying on the registered information for a
land-management decision, what should be done first?
A. Ignore the occupation because physical
possession cannot affect land administration
B. Treat the occupier automatically as the registered owner of the affected
land
C. Investigate the documentary and physical interests before determining the
position
D. Remove the occupier immediately because registration conclusively resolves
every dispute
Answer: C
Rationale: Effective land administration requires
reconciliation of documentary records with the physical and social realities on
the ground. An apparent discrepancy between registered information and actual
occupation may arise from boundary problems, informal arrangements, transfers,
inheritance, encroachment, registration errors or other circumstances.
Automatically treating either party as the owner without investigation would be
professionally unsafe. The appropriate response is to examine the relevant
records, survey information, occupation history and applicable legal interests
before reaching a conclusion.
28. A developer purchases a large parcel and subdivides it into
smaller plots for sale. Several buyers subsequently discover that the
advertised subdivision differs from the approved planning arrangement. Which
underlying land-management principle has most directly been compromised?
A. Coordination between land development
and approved planning controls
B. Maximization of the developer's expected return from land transactions
C. Equalization of selling prices among all subdivided residential plots
D. Preservation of the developer's original acquisition cost for valuation
purposes
Answer: A
Rationale: Subdivision is not merely a commercial
process; it has direct implications for planning, access, infrastructure,
density, public facilities and orderly settlement development. A subdivision
that departs from the approved planning framework can create irregular plots,
inadequate roads, service deficiencies and future land conflicts. The fact that
the developer expects a higher return does not make an unapproved arrangement
acceptable. Proper coordination between development activity and approved
planning controls is therefore fundamental to sound land management.
29. A property has an annual gross rental income of TZS 48 million.
Operating expenses are TZS 12 million, and the appropriate capitalization rate
is 10%. Assuming stable income, what is the indicated capital value using
direct capitalization?
A. TZS 360 million
B. TZS 400 million
C. TZS 480 million
D. TZS 600 million
Answer: A
Rationale: Direct capitalization is based on
sustainable net operating income rather than gross rental income. The net
operating income is TZS 48 million − TZS 12 million = TZS 36 million. Dividing
TZS 36 million by the 10% capitalization rate gives TZS 360 million. Using the
gross rent would overstate the value because it ignores operating expenses that
must be considered when deriving the sustainable income attributable to the
property.
30. During a property inspection, a valuer finds that a building is
physically sound but its internal layout makes it unsuitable for the modern use
demanded by most comparable properties in the area. Which form of depreciation
is most directly implicated?
A. Physical deterioration
B. Functional obsolescence
C. External obsolescence
D. Land-value depreciation
Answer: B
Rationale: Functional obsolescence arises when
deficiencies in design, layout, utility or functionality reduce the usefulness
or desirability of an improvement relative to current requirements. A building
may therefore remain physically sound while losing value because its
configuration no longer meets market expectations. Physical deterioration
concerns wear or deterioration of the physical components, while external
obsolescence generally results from factors outside the property itself, such
as adverse neighbourhood or economic conditions.
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